Examples : CSG with a GLTF

Description

Demonstrates CSG Operations on a glTF.

GSGMesh GitHub Repository : https://github.com/Sean-Bradley/THREE-CSGMesh

This example demonstrates,

Traversing a gTLF and extracting just the required geometry.
CSG Subtract, Union and Intersect Operations on a geometry from a glTF model.
Translating a CSG Geometry along an axis before applying the operation.
Using the THREE.GridHelper.

Code

./src/client/utils/CSGMesh.ts

/**
 * GitHub Repo : https://github.com/Sean-Bradley/THREE-CSGMesh
 * License : MIT
 * 
 * Original work copyright (c) 2011 Evan Wallace (http://madebyevan.com/), under the MIT license.
 * THREE.js rework by thrax
 *
 * # class CSG
 * Holds a binary space partition tree representing a 3D solid. Two solids can
 * be combined using the `union()`, `subtract()`, and `intersect()` methods.
 *
 * Differences Copyright 2020-2022 Sean Bradley : https://sbcode.net/threejs/
 * - Started with CSGMesh.js and csg-lib.js from https://github.com/manthrax/THREE-CSGMesh
 * - Converted to TypeScript by adding type annotations to all variables
 * - Converted var to const and let
 * - Some Refactoring
 * - support for three r141
 */

import * as THREE from 'three'

class CSG {
    polygons: Polygon[]

    constructor() {
        this.polygons = []
    }
    clone() {
        const csg = new CSG()
        csg.polygons = this.polygons.map(function (p) {
            return p.clone()
        })
        return csg
    }

    toPolygons() {
        return this.polygons
    }

    union(csg: CSG) {
        let a = new Node(this.clone().polygons)
        let b = new Node(csg.clone().polygons)
        a.clipTo(b)
        b.clipTo(a)
        b.invert()
        b.clipTo(a)
        b.invert()
        a.build(b.allPolygons())
        return CSG.fromPolygons(a.allPolygons())
    }

    subtract(csg: CSG) {
        let a = new Node(this.clone().polygons)
        let b = new Node(csg.clone().polygons)
        a.invert()
        a.clipTo(b)
        b.clipTo(a)
        b.invert()
        b.clipTo(a)
        b.invert()
        a.build(b.allPolygons())
        a.invert()
        return CSG.fromPolygons(a.allPolygons())
    }

    intersect(csg: CSG) {
        let a = new Node(this.clone().polygons)
        let b = new Node(csg.clone().polygons)
        a.invert()
        b.clipTo(a)
        b.invert()
        a.clipTo(b)
        b.clipTo(a)
        a.build(b.allPolygons())
        a.invert()
        return CSG.fromPolygons(a.allPolygons())
    }

    // Return a new CSG solid with solid and empty space switched. This solid is
    // not modified.
    inverse() {
        const csg = this.clone()
        csg.polygons.map(function (p) {
            p.flip()
        })
        return csg
    }

    // Construct a CSG solid from a list of `Polygon` instances.
    static fromPolygons = function (polygons: Polygon[]) {
        const csg = new CSG()
        csg.polygons = polygons
        return csg
    }

    static fromGeometry = function (
        geom: THREE.BufferGeometry,
        objectIndex?: object
    ) {
        let polys = []
        let posattr = geom.attributes.position
        let normalattr = geom.attributes.normal
        let uvattr = geom.attributes.uv
        let colorattr = geom.attributes.color
        let index: number[]
        if (geom.index) {
            index = geom.index.array as number[]
        } else {
            index = new Array((posattr.array.length / posattr.itemSize) | 0)
            for (let i = 0; i < index.length; i++) index[i] = i
        }
        let triCount = (index.length / 3) | 0
        polys = new Array(triCount)
        for (let i = 0, pli = 0, l = index.length; i < l; i += 3, pli++) {
            let vertices = new Array(3)
            for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                let vi = index[i + j]
                let vp = vi * 3
                let vt = vi * 2
                let x = posattr.array[vp]
                let y = posattr.array[vp + 1]
                let z = posattr.array[vp + 2]
                let nx = normalattr.array[vp]
                let ny = normalattr.array[vp + 1]
                let nz = normalattr.array[vp + 2]
                let u = uvattr.array[vt]
                let v = uvattr.array[vt + 1]
                vertices[j] = new Vertex(
                    {
                        x: x,
                        y: y,
                        z: z
                    } as Vector,
                    {
                        x: nx,
                        y: ny,
                        z: nz
                    } as Vector,
                    {
                        x: u,
                        y: v,
                        z: 0
                    } as Vector,
                    colorattr &&
                    ({
                        x: colorattr.array[vt],
                        y: colorattr.array[vt + 1],
                        z: colorattr.array[vt + 2]
                    } as Vector)
                )
            }
            polys[pli] = new Polygon(vertices, objectIndex)
        }
        return CSG.fromPolygons(polys)
    }

    private static ttvv0 = new THREE.Vector3()
    private static tmpm3 = new THREE.Matrix3()

    static fromMesh = function (mesh: THREE.Mesh, objectIndex?: object) {
        const csg = CSG.fromGeometry(mesh.geometry, objectIndex)
        CSG.tmpm3.getNormalMatrix(mesh.matrix)
        for (let i = 0; i < csg.polygons.length; i++) {
            let p = csg.polygons[i]
            for (let j = 0; j < p.vertices.length; j++) {
                let v = p.vertices[j]
                v.pos.copy(
                    CSG.ttvv0
                        .copy(new THREE.Vector3(v.pos.x, v.pos.y, v.pos.z))
                        .applyMatrix4(mesh.matrix)
                )
                v.normal.copy(
                    CSG.ttvv0
                        .copy(
                            new THREE.Vector3(
                                v.normal.x,
                                v.normal.y,
                                v.normal.z
                            )
                        )
                        .applyMatrix3(CSG.tmpm3)
                )
            }
        }
        return csg
    }

    static nbuf3 = (ct: number) => {
        return {
            top: 0,
            array: new Float32Array(ct),
            write: function (v: Vector) {
                this.array[this.top++] = v.x
                this.array[this.top++] = v.y
                this.array[this.top++] = v.z
            }
        }
    }
    static nbuf2 = (ct: number) => {
        return {
            top: 0,
            array: new Float32Array(ct),
            write: function (v: Vector) {
                this.array[this.top++] = v.x
                this.array[this.top++] = v.y
            }
        }
    }

    static toMesh = function (
        csg: CSG,
        toMatrix: THREE.Matrix4,
        toMaterial?: THREE.Material
    ) {
        let ps = csg.polygons
        let geom: THREE.BufferGeometry

        let triCount = 0
        ps.forEach((p) => (triCount += p.vertices.length - 2))
        geom = new THREE.BufferGeometry()

        let vertices = CSG.nbuf3(triCount * 3 * 3)
        let normals = CSG.nbuf3(triCount * 3 * 3)
        let uvs = CSG.nbuf2(triCount * 2 * 3)
        let colors: any
        let grps: any[] = []
        ps.forEach((p) => {
            let pvs = p.vertices
            let pvlen = pvs.length
            if (p.shared !== undefined) {
                if (!grps[p.shared]) grps[p.shared] = []
            }
            if (pvlen && pvs[0].color !== undefined) {
                if (!colors) colors = CSG.nbuf3(triCount * 3 * 3)
            }
            for (let j = 3; j <= pvlen; j++) {
                p.shared !== undefined &&
                    grps[p.shared].push(
                        vertices.top / 3,
                        vertices.top / 3 + 1,
                        vertices.top / 3 + 2
                    )
                vertices.write(pvs[0].pos)
                vertices.write(pvs[j - 2].pos)
                vertices.write(pvs[j - 1].pos)
                normals.write(pvs[0].normal)
                normals.write(pvs[j - 2].normal)
                normals.write(pvs[j - 1].normal)
                uvs.write(pvs[0].uv)
                uvs.write(pvs[j - 2].uv)
                uvs.write(pvs[j - 1].uv)
                colors &&
                    (colors.write(pvs[0].color) ||
                        colors.write(pvs[j - 2].color) ||
                        colors.write(pvs[j - 1].color))
            }
        })
        geom.setAttribute(
            'position',
            new THREE.BufferAttribute(vertices.array, 3)
        )
        geom.setAttribute('normal', new THREE.BufferAttribute(normals.array, 3))
        geom.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.BufferAttribute(uvs.array, 2))
        colors &&
            geom.setAttribute(
                'color',
                new THREE.BufferAttribute(colors.array, 3)
            )
        if (grps.length) {
            let index: any[] = []
            let gbase = 0
            for (let gi = 0; gi < grps.length; gi++) {
                geom.addGroup(gbase, grps[gi].length, gi)
                gbase += grps[gi].length
                index = index.concat(grps[gi])
            }
            geom.setIndex(index)
        }

        let inv = new THREE.Matrix4().copy(toMatrix).invert()
        geom.applyMatrix4(inv)
        geom.computeBoundingSphere()
        geom.computeBoundingBox()
        let m = new THREE.Mesh(geom, toMaterial)
        m.matrix.copy(toMatrix)
        m.matrix.decompose(m.position, m.quaternion, m.scale)
        m.rotation.setFromQuaternion(m.quaternion)
        m.updateMatrixWorld()
        m.castShadow = m.receiveShadow = true
        return m
    }
}
// # class Vector

// Represents a 3D vector.
//
// Example usage:
//
//     new CSG.Vector(1, 2, 3);

class Vector {
    x: number
    y: number
    z: number
    constructor(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) {
        this.x = x
        this.y = y
        this.z = z
    }
    copy(v: any) {
        this.x = v.x
        this.y = v.y
        this.z = v.z
        return this
    }
    clone() {
        return new Vector(this.x, this.y, this.z)
    }
    negate() {
        this.x *= -1
        this.y *= -1
        this.z *= -1
        return this
    }
    add(a: Vector) {
        this.x += a.x
        this.y += a.y
        this.z += a.z
        return this
    }
    sub(a: Vector) {
        this.x -= a.x
        this.y -= a.y
        this.z -= a.z
        return this
    }
    times(a: number) {
        this.x *= a
        this.y *= a
        this.z *= a
        return this
    }
    dividedBy(a: number) {
        this.x /= a
        this.y /= a
        this.z /= a
        return this
    }
    lerp(a: Vector, t: number) {
        return this.add(tv0.copy(a).sub(this).times(t))
    }
    unit() {
        return this.dividedBy(this.length())
    }
    length() {
        return Math.sqrt(this.x ** 2 + this.y ** 2 + this.z ** 2)
    }
    normalize() {
        return this.unit()
    }
    cross(b: Vector) {
        let a = this
        const ax = a.x,
            ay = a.y,
            az = a.z
        const bx = b.x,
            by = b.y,
            bz = b.z

        this.x = ay * bz - az * by
        this.y = az * bx - ax * bz
        this.z = ax * by - ay * bx

        return this
    }
    dot(b: Vector) {
        return this.x * b.x + this.y * b.y + this.z * b.z
    }
}

//Temporaries used to avoid internal allocation..
let tv0 = new Vector(0, 0, 0)
let tv1 = new Vector(0, 0, 0)

// # class Vertex

// Represents a vertex of a polygon. Use your own vertex class instead of this
// one to provide additional features like texture coordinates and vertex
// colors. Custom vertex classes need to provide a `pos` property and `clone()`,
// `flip()`, and `interpolate()` methods that behave analogous to the ones
// defined by `CSG.Vertex`. This class provides `normal` so convenience
// functions like `CSG.sphere()` can return a smooth vertex normal, but `normal`
// is not used anywhere else.

class Vertex {
    pos: Vector
    normal: Vector
    uv: Vector
    color: any
    constructor(pos: Vector, normal: Vector, uv?: Vector, color?: Vector) {
        this.pos = new Vector().copy(pos)
        this.normal = new Vector().copy(normal)
        this.uv = new Vector().copy(uv)
        this.uv.z = 0
        color && (this.color = new Vector().copy(color))
    }

    clone() {
        return new Vertex(this.pos, this.normal, this.uv, this.color)
    }

    // Invert all orientation-specific data (e.g. vertex normal). Called when the
    // orientation of a polygon is flipped.
    flip() {
        this.normal.negate()
    }

    // Create a new vertex between this vertex and `other` by linearly
    // interpolating all properties using a parameter of `t`. Subclasses should
    // override this to interpolate additional properties.
    interpolate(other: Vertex, t: number) {
        return new Vertex(
            this.pos.clone().lerp(other.pos, t),
            this.normal.clone().lerp(other.normal, t),
            this.uv.clone().lerp(other.uv, t),
            this.color && other.color && this.color.clone().lerp(other.color, t)
        )
    }
}

// # class Plane

// Represents a plane in 3D space.

class Plane {
    normal: Vector
    w: number
    constructor(normal: Vector, w: number) {
        this.normal = normal
        this.w = w
    }

    clone() {
        return new Plane(this.normal.clone(), this.w)
    }

    flip() {
        this.normal.negate()
        this.w = -this.w
    }

    // Split `polygon` by this plane if needed, then put the polygon or polygon
    // fragments in the appropriate lists. Coplanar polygons go into either
    // `coplanarFront` or `coplanarBack` depending on their orientation with
    // respect to this plane. Polygons in front or in back of this plane go into
    // either `front` or `back`.
    splitPolygon(
        polygon: Polygon,
        coplanarFront: Polygon[],
        coplanarBack: Polygon[],
        front: Polygon[],
        back: Polygon[]
    ) {
        const COPLANAR = 0
        const FRONT = 1
        const BACK = 2
        const SPANNING = 3

        // Classify each point as well as the entire polygon into one of the above
        // four classes.
        let polygonType = 0
        let types = []
        for (let i = 0; i < polygon.vertices.length; i++) {
            let t = this.normal.dot(polygon.vertices[i].pos) - this.w
            let type =
                t < -Plane.EPSILON ? BACK : t > Plane.EPSILON ? FRONT : COPLANAR
            polygonType |= type
            types.push(type)
        }

        // Put the polygon in the correct list, splitting it when necessary.
        switch (polygonType) {
            case COPLANAR:
                ; (this.normal.dot(polygon.plane.normal) > 0
                    ? coplanarFront
                    : coplanarBack
                ).push(polygon)
                break
            case FRONT:
                front.push(polygon)
                break
            case BACK:
                back.push(polygon)
                break
            case SPANNING:
                let f = [],
                    b = []
                for (let i = 0; i < polygon.vertices.length; i++) {
                    let j = (i + 1) % polygon.vertices.length
                    let ti = types[i],
                        tj = types[j]
                    let vi = polygon.vertices[i],
                        vj = polygon.vertices[j]
                    if (ti != BACK) f.push(vi)
                    if (ti != FRONT) b.push(ti != BACK ? vi.clone() : vi)
                    if ((ti | tj) == SPANNING) {
                        let t =
                            (this.w - this.normal.dot(vi.pos)) /
                            this.normal.dot(tv0.copy(vj.pos).sub(vi.pos))
                        let v = vi.interpolate(vj, t)
                        f.push(v)
                        b.push(v.clone())
                    }
                }
                if (f.length >= 3) front.push(new Polygon(f, polygon.shared))
                if (b.length >= 3) back.push(new Polygon(b, polygon.shared))
                break
        }
    }

    // `Plane.EPSILON` is the tolerance used by `splitPolygon()` to decide if a
    // point is on the plane.
    static EPSILON = 1e-5

    static fromPoints = function (a: Vector, b: Vector, c: Vector) {
        let n = tv0.copy(b).sub(a).cross(tv1.copy(c).sub(a)).normalize()
        return new Plane(n.clone(), n.dot(a))
    }
}

// # class Polygon

// Represents a convex polygon. The vertices used to initialize a polygon must
// be coplanar and form a convex loop. They do not have to be `Vertex`
// instances but they must behave similarly (duck typing can be used for
// customization).
//
// Each convex polygon has a `shared` property, which is shared between all
// polygons that are clones of each other or were split from the same polygon.
// This can be used to define per-polygon properties (such as surface color).

class Polygon {
    vertices: Vertex[]
    shared: any
    plane: Plane

    constructor(vertices: Vertex[], shared?: any) {
        this.vertices = vertices
        this.shared = shared
        this.plane = Plane.fromPoints(
            vertices[0].pos as Vector,
            vertices[1].pos as Vector,
            vertices[2].pos as Vector
        )
    }
    clone() {
        return new Polygon(
            this.vertices.map((v) => v.clone()),
            this.shared
        )
    }
    flip() {
        this.vertices.reverse().map((v) => v.flip())
        this.plane.flip()
    }
}

// # class Node

// Holds a node in a BSP tree. A BSP tree is built from a collection of polygons
// by picking a polygon to split along. That polygon (and all other coplanar
// polygons) are added directly to that node and the other polygons are added to
// the front and/or back subtrees. This is not a leafy BSP tree since there is
// no distinction between internal and leaf nodes.

class Node {
    plane?: Plane
    front?: Node
    back?: Node
    polygons: Polygon[]

    constructor(polygons?: Polygon[]) {
        this.polygons = []
        if (polygons) this.build(polygons)
    }
    clone() {
        let node = new Node()
        node.plane = this.plane && this.plane.clone()
        node.front = this.front && this.front.clone()
        node.back = this.back && this.back.clone()
        node.polygons = this.polygons.map((p) => p.clone())
        return node
    }

    // Convert solid space to empty space and empty space to solid space.
    invert() {
        for (let i = 0; i < this.polygons.length; i++) this.polygons[i].flip()

        this.plane && this.plane.flip()
        this.front && this.front.invert()
        this.back && this.back.invert()
        let temp = this.front
        this.front = this.back
        this.back = temp
    }

    // Recursively remove all polygons in `polygons` that are inside this BSP
    // tree.
    clipPolygons(polygons: Polygon[]) {
        if (!this.plane) return polygons.slice()
        let front: Polygon[] = []
        let back: Polygon[] = []
        for (let i = 0; i < polygons.length; i++) {
            this.plane.splitPolygon(polygons[i], front, back, front, back)
        }
        if (this.front) front = this.front.clipPolygons(front)
        if (this.back) back = this.back.clipPolygons(back)
        else back = []
        return front.concat(back)
    }

    // Remove all polygons in this BSP tree that are inside the other BSP tree
    // `bsp`.
    clipTo(bsp: Node) {
        this.polygons = bsp.clipPolygons(this.polygons)
        if (this.front) this.front.clipTo(bsp)
        if (this.back) this.back.clipTo(bsp)
    }

    // Return a list of all polygons in this BSP tree.
    allPolygons() {
        let polygons = this.polygons.slice()
        if (this.front) polygons = polygons.concat(this.front.allPolygons())
        if (this.back) polygons = polygons.concat(this.back.allPolygons())
        return polygons
    }

    // Build a BSP tree out of `polygons`. When called on an existing tree, the
    // new polygons are filtered down to the bottom of the tree and become new
    // nodes there. Each set of polygons is partitioned using the first polygon
    // (no heuristic is used to pick a good split).
    build(polygons: Polygon[]) {
        if (!polygons.length) return
        if (!this.plane) this.plane = polygons[0].plane.clone()
        let front: Polygon[] = []
        let back: Polygon[] = []
        for (let i = 0; i < polygons.length; i++) {
            this.plane.splitPolygon(
                polygons[i],
                this.polygons,
                this.polygons,
                front,
                back
            )
        }
        if (front.length) {
            if (!this.front) this.front = new Node()
            this.front.build(front)
        }
        if (back.length) {
            if (!this.back) this.back = new Node()
            this.back.build(back)
        }
    }

    static fromJSON = function (json: CSG) {
        return CSG.fromPolygons(
            json.polygons.map(
                (p) =>
                    new Polygon(
                        p.vertices.map(
                            (v) => new Vertex(v.pos, v.normal, v.uv)
                        ),
                        p.shared
                    )
            )
        )
    }
}

export { CSG, Vertex, Vector, Polygon, Plane }

 // Return a new CSG solid representing space in either this solid or in the
 // solid `csg`. Neither this solid nor the solid `csg` are modified.
 //
 //     A.union(B)
 //
 //     +-------+            +-------+
 //     |       |            |       |
 //     |   A   |            |       |
 //     |    +--+----+   =   |       +----+
 //     +----+--+    |       +----+       |
 //          |   B   |            |       |
 //          |       |            |       |
 //          +-------+            +-------+
 //
 // Return a new CSG solid representing space in this solid but not in the
 // solid `csg`. Neither this solid nor the solid `csg` are modified.
 //
 //     A.subtract(B)
 //
 //     +-------+            +-------+
 //     |       |            |       |
 //     |   A   |            |       |
 //     |    +--+----+   =   |    +--+
 //     +----+--+    |       +----+
 //          |   B   |
 //          |       |
 //          +-------+
 //
 // Return a new CSG solid representing space both this solid and in the
 // solid `csg`. Neither this solid nor the solid `csg` are modified.
 //
 //     A.intersect(B)
 //
 //     +-------+
 //     |       |
 //     |   A   |
 //     |    +--+----+   =   +--+
 //     +----+--+    |       +--+
 //          |   B   |
 //          |       |
 //          +-------+
 //

./src/client/client.ts

import * as THREE from 'three'
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls'
import Stats from 'three/examples/jsm/libs/stats.module'
import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader'
import { CSG } from './utils/CSGMesh'

const scene = new THREE.Scene()

const gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper(10, 10, 0xaec6cf, 0xaec6cf)

scene.add(gridHelper)

const light1 = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff, 400)
light1.position.set(5, 10, 5)
scene.add(light1)

const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
    75,
    window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
    0.1,
    1000
)
camera.position.x = 0
camera.position.y = 3
camera.position.z = 3

const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer()
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight)
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement)

const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement)
controls.enableDamping = true
controls.target.set(0, 1.5, 0)

const envTexture = new THREE.CubeTextureLoader().load([
    'img/px_25.jpg',
    'img/nx_25.jpg',
    'img/py_25.jpg',
    'img/ny_25.jpg',
    'img/pz_25.jpg',
    'img/nz_25.jpg'
])
envTexture.mapping = THREE.CubeReflectionMapping

const material = new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
    color: 0xb2ffc8,
    envMap: envTexture,
    metalness: 0.5,
    roughness: 0.1,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.75,
    //transmission: .9,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    flatShading: true
})

const cubeMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
    new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 2, 2),
    new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0xff0000 })
)
cubeMesh.position.set(-2, 1.5, -3)
scene.add(cubeMesh)

let modelsReady = false
let cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect: THREE.Mesh
let cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract: THREE.Mesh
let cubeMonkeyMeshUnion: THREE.Mesh

const loader = new GLTFLoader()
loader.load(
    'models/monkey.glb',
    function (gltf) {
        gltf.scene.traverse(function (child) {
            if ((child as THREE.Mesh).isMesh) {
                if ((child as THREE.Mesh).name === 'Suzanne') {
                    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(
                        (child as THREE.Mesh).geometry.clone(),
                        new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 })
                    )
                    mesh.position.set(2, 1.5, -3)
                    mesh.geometry.scale(1.15, 1.15, 1.15)
                    scene.add(mesh) //adding only the monkey mesh to the scene and ignoring everything else inside the gltf

                    const cubeCSG = CSG.fromGeometry(
                        cubeMesh.geometry.clone().translate(-0.5, 0, 0)
                    )
                    const monkeyMeshCSG = CSG.fromMesh(mesh)

                    const cubeMonkeyMeshIntersectCSG = cubeCSG.intersect(
                        monkeyMeshCSG.clone()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect = CSG.toMesh(
                        cubeMonkeyMeshIntersectCSG,
                        new THREE.Matrix4()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect.material = material
                    cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect.position.set(-3, 1.5, 0)
                    scene.add(cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect)

                    const cubeMonkeyMeshSubtractCSG = cubeCSG.subtract(
                        monkeyMeshCSG.clone()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract = CSG.toMesh(
                        cubeMonkeyMeshSubtractCSG,
                        new THREE.Matrix4()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract.material = material
                    cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract.position.set(0, 1.5, 0)
                    scene.add(cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract)

                    const cubeMonkeyMeshUnionCSG = cubeCSG.union(
                        monkeyMeshCSG.clone()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshUnion = CSG.toMesh(
                        cubeMonkeyMeshUnionCSG,
                        new THREE.Matrix4()
                    )
                    cubeMonkeyMeshUnion.material = material
                    cubeMonkeyMeshUnion.position.set(3, 1.5, 0)
                    scene.add(cubeMonkeyMeshUnion)

                    modelsReady = true
                }
            }
        })
    },
    (xhr) => {
        console.log((xhr.loaded / xhr.total) * 100 + '% loaded')
    },
    (error) => {
        console.log(error)
    }
)

window.addEventListener('resize', onWindowResize, false)
function onWindowResize() {
    camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix()
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight)
}

const stats = new Stats()
document.body.appendChild(stats.dom)

function animate() {
    requestAnimationFrame(animate)

    controls.update()

    if (modelsReady) {
        cubeMonkeyMeshIntersect.rotation.y += 0.005
        cubeMonkeyMeshSubtract.rotation.y += 0.005
        cubeMonkeyMeshUnion.rotation.y += 0.005
    }

    render()

    stats.update()
}

function render() {
    renderer.render(scene, camera)
}

animate()

	Zabbix
	Grafana
	Prometheus
	React Three Fiber
	Threejs and TypeScript
	SocketIO and TypeScript
	Blender Topological Earth
	Sweet Home 3D
	Design Patterns Python
	Design Patterns TypeScript

	Course Coupon Codes

Three.js and TypeScript
		Kindle Edition $6.99 $9.99 Paperback $22.99 $29.99
Design Patterns in TypeScript
		Kindle Edition $6.99 $9.99 Paperback $11.99 $19.99
Design Patterns in Python
		Kindle Edition $6.99 $9.99 Paperback $11.99 $19.99